European Parliament opposes renewal of controversial GM maize

In brief

On 26 November 2024, the European Parliament adopted a resolution opposing the renewal of the marketing authorisation for a complex genetically modified (GM) maize, MON 89034 × 1507 × MON 88017 × 59122, as well as eight sub-combinations thereof. This maize, already authorised in the EU since 2015, is mainly used in animal feed. MEPs voted in favour of an objection to the European Commission's decision to renew this authorisation, citing unresolved health and environmental concerns.

Background

The GM maize in question combines several genetic modifications: it produces insecticidal toxins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (so-called Bt toxins) and is resistant to two herbicides, glyphosate and glufosinate. The European Commission had proposed renewing its authorisation for ten years, in accordance with the procedure laid down in Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 on genetically modified food and feed. However, Parliament, which only has a power of objection in this area, considered that the risks had not been sufficiently assessed.

What was decided

Through this resolution, Parliament calls on the Commission to withdraw its authorisation decision. The main reasons given are:

• Lack of assessment of complementary herbicides: residues of glyphosate and glufosinate, as well as their metabolites, have not been properly studied in the context of the authorisation.
• Outstanding questions concerning Bt toxins: uncertainties persist about the long-term effects of these toxins on human and animal health, as well as on non-target organisms (such as beneficial insects).
• Reducing dependence on imports: Parliament stresses the need to reduce the EU's dependence on imported animal feed by promoting non-GM alternatives.
• Non-democratic decision-making process: MEPs criticise the fact that the Commission overrides divergent scientific opinions and Parliament's objections.

Vote result

The resolution was adopted by 476 votes in favour, 169 against and 14 abstentions. This is a large majority, but it is not binding: the European Commission is not obliged to follow Parliament's opinion. However, this vote sends a strong political signal.

For citizens

In practical terms, this vote does not immediately prevent the marketing of this GM maize in the EU, as the Commission may maintain its authorisation. But it shows that Parliament is attentive to citizens' concerns about GMOs and pesticides. If you consume meat, milk or eggs from animals fed with GMOs, this maize could indirectly end up on your plate. The debate on the transparency and safety of GMOs remains open.